अँटोरोगेड अ‍ॅम्नेशिया: कारणे, लक्षणे आणि उपचार

Anterograde स्मृतिभ्रंश is characterized by a complete cessation, or at least a very severe reduction, in the ability to store or remember new events from the time of the disease or मेंदू injury. Anterograde स्मृतिभ्रंश is caused either by lesions to specific मेंदू regions or by degenerative processes of neurons in specific brain regions.

What is anterograde amnesia?

In the strictest sense, anterograde स्मृतिभ्रंश आहे एक स्मृती impairment for new memory-worthy events from the time of the causative disease or injury. This means that events occurring after the onset of अँटोरोगेड अ‍ॅनेसिया cannot be remembered retrogradely, i.e. in the past. The best-known diseases that gradually or progressively आघाडी ते अँटोरोगेड अ‍ॅनेसिया are all forms of स्मृतिभ्रंश, जसे की अल्झायमर disease. As a rule, new स्मृती-worthy events can only be stored retrievably for a few seconds to a few minutes. Amnesia primarily affects episodic स्मृती, in which all available sensory impressions of an event are stored together. Motor memory, in which the skills for complex movements such as walking upright can be stored and recalled unconsciously, are often not initially affected by amnesia.

कारणे

Three different complexes of causes can trigger anterograde or रेट्रोग्रेड अ‍ॅनेसिया. The first cause complex involves neurodegenerative disease processes, in the course of which degradation processes result in damage to specific nerve areas in the मेंदू, always associated with functional impairment or even total loss of function. The functional limitations are expressed not only by अँटोरोगेड अ‍ॅनेसिया, but also always by स्मृतिभ्रंश symptoms. One of the best known neurodegenerative diseases is अल्झायमर आजार. मेंदुज्वर आणि दाह of the neurons in the brain (मेंदूचा दाह) can also be the cause of amnesia. The second complex of causes involves lesions that affect specific brain regions in डोके injuries or strokes and can आघाडी to irreversible total loss of episodic memory. Anterograde amnesia is usually associated with a lesion of the two hippocampi. These are brain structures located in the two temporal lobes. However, some nuclei in the diencephalon are also important for storing and retrieving memories. If they are functionally impaired due to a स्ट्रोक, for example, anterograde amnesia may develop although the memory storage site is not affected. A third complex of causes for amnesia are strong psychological experiences, which can आघाडी to temporary or persistent amnesia. A special role is played by nerve poisons (neurotoxins), which can cause a wide range of reversible or irreversible damage to the cranial नसा, depending on the type and डोस. In some cases, neurotoxins are even used medicinally.

लक्षणे, तक्रारी आणि चिन्हे

This disease is associated with serious symptoms. Affected individuals are usually unable to remember new events, suffering from a significantly reduced ability to remember and store new information. Due to the damage to the brain, the disease can often no longer be treated, so that the patient is dependent on the help of other people in his life and there are significant restrictions in the quality of life of the patient. Even simple information and cannot be stored, which can make everyday life more difficult. The disease is often also associated with अपस्मार, although it can also be caused by a tumor or hemorrhage. Frequently, the affected person also suffers from psychological complaints or उदासीनता, and it is not uncommon for this to affect parents, relatives or children. Often, the disease also severely reduces the patient’s ability to speak. As a result, the affected person can no longer easily participate in conversations or remember simple words. Information about the patient’s own family can also no longer be fully recalled. Furthermore, the loss of information can also put patients in dangerous situations.

निदान आणि कोर्स

Suspicion of the presence of anterograde amnesia is usually manifested by the failure to recall newly occurring events or certain frequently used words and terms. Important for an initial assessment is a detailed discussion with the physician (anamnesis), in which a relative should also participate if necessary. Simple standardized memory tests are available to quantify any anterograde amnesia that may be present. In a positive case, it should be clarified during the anamnesis, if possible, whether the anterograde स्मृती भ्रंश occurred suddenly after a specific event or whether it is a gradual process. A well-founded anamnesis leads to initial suspicions of a possible cause of the amnesia. रक्त tests may then follow, indicating possible causative agents of मेंदूचा दाह or मेंदुच्या वेष्टनाचा दाह, or possible intoxications. Single-photon emission गणना टोमोग्राफी (SPECT) can provide insights to clarify the रक्त flow situation in the brain. Together with the measurement of brain waves (EEG), indications of अपस्मार or अल्झायमर disease may emerge. Other imaging techniques, such as गणना टोमोग्राफी (सीटी) किंवा चुंबकीय अनुनाद प्रतिमा (MRI), allow conclusions to be drawn about the presence of hemorrhages, tumors, or other injuries.

गुंतागुंत

Anterograde amnesia can severely limit a patient’s daily life, reducing quality of life in the process. Typically, the affected person has very poor or no recollection of events that occurred after a particular accident. As a result, life is severely restricted. The affected person is dependent on the help of other people. The ability to speak is also limited, as the patient can no longer remember various words. This includes names or other data of acquaintances or family. Often it is also not possible for the patient to remember their own address, which is why they are dependent on outside help. If the amnesia is caused by a tumor disease, some complications can arise from it. A complete cure is not possible in every case. In the case of मेंदुच्या वेष्टनाचा दाह, रोगजनकांच्या are fought by medication, so that the amnesia is greatly reduced and there are usually no further complications. If it is already advanced, its course can at least be stopped. Most often, ताण कपात आणि विश्रांती treatments are also undertaken to activate the damaged areas in the brain and promote function.

आपण डॉक्टरांना कधी भेटावे?

In most cases, this disease is already diagnosed directly by a doctor when the injury to the brain has occurred. In this case, the affected person can no longer speak properly and suffers from word-finding disorders. Also complaints with the memory or difficulties with simple thinking tasks can point to the illness, whereby a visit of the physician is necessary in any case. Especially in the case of complete स्मृती भ्रंश, the patient should see a doctor to prevent further consequential damage. This is also the case if the affected person suffers from अपस्मार or has had an मायक्रोप्टिक जप्ती. मध्ये गडबड एकाग्रता or समन्वय can also indicate a serious injury in the brain, which must be treated by a doctor. In most cases, the symptoms cannot be limited, so that the affected person is dependent on the help of other people in his daily life. It is also impossible to predict whether this will result in a positive course of the disease. However, some symptoms can be limited by various therapies. The earlier the treatment of this disease begins, the higher the chances of a cure.

उपचार आणि थेरपी

Treatment of anterograde amnesia is primarily aimed at curing or ameliorating the underlying disease causing the अट. For example, in the case of meningitis or मेंदूचा दाह, the causative agents, usually व्हायरस, must be combated. In a positive case, anterograde amnesia can then improve again or the progressive course can at least be stopped. If cerebral hemorrhages are present or if tumors are recognizable, the first therapeutic goal is to reduce the mechanical pressure on the surrounding nervous tissue by eliminating the hemorrhage and by eliminating the tumor.Here, too, physical relief of the nervous tissue can stop anterograde amnesia in its progressive course and possibly even improve it again. In the case of neurodegenerative diseases such as अल्झायमरचा रोग, drug therapies are usually used to slow down the progressive course of the disease. In the presence of lesions in the brain due to an accident or the loss of certain nerve areas due to a स्ट्रोक, recovery of function is usually not possible. Since these cases are singular events, the functional impairment that has occurred usually shows a static course. Any therapies aim to compensate for the functional impairment by activating and training other brain areas, if possible, so that there is an overall improvement. In many cases, विश्रांती प्रशिक्षण, ताण कपात, ऑटोजेनिक प्रशिक्षण, आणि स्नायू विश्रांती exercises also have a positive effect on anterograde amnesias.

दृष्टीकोन आणि रोगनिदान

Anterograde amnesia can be overcome in some patients with targeted short-term स्मृती प्रशिक्षण. Reactivation of specific memories is helpful in this regard. The procedure depends on the underlying disease and the cooperation of the patient. In the case of traumatic experiences or slight hemorrhages, after some time of उपचार there is a possibility that the usual skills will return and new memories will be acquired. The chances of recovery from anterograde amnesia due to severe lesions in the brain are less optimistic at this time. Medical advances often allow for relief of symptoms. The damage to the brain is considered irreparable and cannot be cured. Despite various testing procedures and different therapeutic methods, it has not been possible to date to repair damaged brain tissue or to replace it successfully as well as functionally. Depending on the cause of the brain damage, the symptoms may increase. The functional capacity of further cortical areas can be limited. In the worst case, the entire memory, the activity of short-term memory as well as the working memory is lost. In some patients of anterograde amnesia, it has been demonstrated that new memories were established for a period longer than a few minutes despite the disease. However, the contents of consciousness are minimal and can still be forgotten in a few days.

प्रतिबंध

सर्वात महत्वाचे प्रतिबंधक उपाय to avoid anterograde amnesia consist of a healthy lifestyle in which periods of ताण can alternate with periods of relaxation so that there is a शिल्लक between the degree of activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

आफ्टरकेअर

In this disease, there are usually no or very few aftercare उपाय or options available to the affected person. First and foremost, the disease must be properly diagnosed and treated by a physician in order to prevent further complications or discomfort. The earlier the diagnosis is made, the better the further course of the disease usually is. However, since a complete cure is not possible, only a purely symptomatic treatment can take place. In order not to aggravate the symptoms of this disease unnecessarily, the affected person should refrain from the consumption of अल्कोहोल आणि तंबाखू. The treatment itself can be carried out by taking medication. Those affected are dependent on the correct dosage and also on taking the medication regularly so that the symptoms are permanently alleviated. However, many damages to the brain are irreparable, so that there is not always an improvement. In severe cases, those affected are dependent on the help and support of their own family or friends. In most cases, this disease also reduces the life expectancy of the affected person.

आपण स्वतः काय करू शकता

Provided that the anterograde amnesia is due to an संसर्गजन्य रोग such as meningitis or encephalitis, the patient can help to treat the underlying disease. In these cases, it is particularly helpful to strengthen the body’s own defenses. First and foremost, a healthy lifestyle contributes to this. It is important to get enough sleep, eat a जीवनसत्व-rich, predominantly plant-based आहार, and get regular exercise in the fresh air.In naturopathy, the active ingredients of the red coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) are also used. The intake of ascorbic acid (व्हिटॅमिन सी) is also recommended. If the anterograde amnesia is due to other causes, the patient usually cannot help treat the underlying disease himself. In neurodegenerative disorders, attempts can be made to compensate for the reduction in brain function by activating and training other, unaffected, brain areas. Relaxation exercises, especially ऑटोजेनिक प्रशिक्षण, can also positively influence anterograde amnesias. To better cope with स्मृती भ्रंश in everyday life, affected individuals should get into the habit of recording everything of importance in a timely manner. Easier and more practical than notepads are tape recordings, and almost all modern cell phones have a dictation function. In addition, there are inexpensive and qualitatively sufficient dictation devices in the size of memory sticks that can be taken anywhere. However, conversations with third parties should not be recorded without their knowledge for legal reasons.